什么是运动心电图?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple and fast test to evaluate the heart. 对于这个测试, 电极(小, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at certain spots on the chest, 武器, 和腿. 电极通过导线连接到心电图机上. Then, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out. 没有电被输送到体内.

Natural electrical impulses coordinate contractions of the different parts of the heart to keep blood flowing the way it should. 心电图记录下这些脉冲以显示心脏跳动的速度, 心跳的节奏(稳定的或不规则的), and the strength and timing of the electrical impulses as they move through the different parts of the heart. 心电图的变化可能是许多心脏相关疾病的征兆.

An exercise ECG is done to assess the heart's response to stress or exercise. In this test, the ECG is recorded while you are exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike. An ECG tracing will be taken at certain points during the test to compare the effects of increasing stress on the heart. 定期, the incline and treadmill speed will be increased to make exercise more difficult during the test. If you are riding a bike, you will pedal faster against increased resistance. 无论哪种情况, you will exercise until reaching a target heart rate (determined by the healthcare provider based on age and physical status) or until you are unable to continue due to tiredness, 呼吸急促（气促）, 胸部疼痛, 或者其他症状.

为什么我需要做运动心电图?

Some reasons for your healthcare provider to request an exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) include:

• To assess stress or exercise tolerance if your doctor thinks you have coronary artery disease (blocked arteries in the heart)
• To determine limits for safe exercise before starting a cardiac rehab program or when recovering from a cardiac event, 比如心脏病发作(心肌梗塞), 或心肌梗死)或心脏手术
• 评估运动期间的心律和电活动
• 测量运动时的心率和血压

There may be other reasons for your healthcare provider to recommend an exercise ECG.

运动心电图有哪些风险?

Because of stress on the heart during the test, there is a small chance for:

• 胸部疼痛
• 心脏病
• 高血压
• 不规则的心跳
• 头晕
• 恶心想吐
• 疲劳
• 传递出
• 心脏骤停
• 严重的心律问题.

当粘性电极被取下时，可能会感到不舒服. If the electrode patches are left on too long they may cause tissue breakdown or skin irritation.

根据您的具体医疗状况，可能会有其他风险. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider before the procedure.

Certain factors or conditions may interfere with or affect the results of an exercise ECG including:

• 考试前吃得太多
• 测试前的咖啡因摄入量
• 在测试前吸烟或使用其他烟草制品
• 高血压
• Electrolyte imbalances, such as too much or too little potassium, magnesium, or calcium in the blood
• 某些药物, 比如-受体阻滞剂, 这可能会使心率难以提高到目标水平
• 心脏瓣膜病
• 大的心
• 心律失常

我该如何准备运动心电图呢?

• 如果您有以下情况，请务必告知您的医疗保健提供者:
  • 动脉瘤
  • 不稳定型心绞痛(不受控制的胸痛)
  • Severe heart valve disease (malfunction of one or more of the heart valves)
  • 严重心力衰竭
  • 最近心脏病发作(心肌梗塞或MI)
  • 严重高血压
  • 不受控制的不规则心跳
  • Pericarditis (an inflammation or infection of the sac that surrounds the heart)
  • 严重贫血(红细胞计数低)
  • 起搏器
• Your healthcare provider or the technician will explain the test to you and let you ask questions.
• You will be asked to sign a consent form that gives your permission to do the test. 仔细阅读表格，如果有不清楚的地方问问题.
• You will be asked to fast (not eat or drink) for a few hours before the test.
• 在测试前2小时内不要吸烟或使用任何其他形式的烟草.
• 如果你怀孕了或认为你可能怀孕，告诉你的医疗保健提供者.
• Tell your healthcare provider of all medicines (prescription and over-the-counter), 维生素, 草本植物, 还有你正在服用的补充剂.
• You may be asked to hold certain medicines before the test, 比如-受体阻滞剂. 您的医疗保健提供者将提供具体的指导.
• 穿舒适的步行鞋和宽松的裤子或短裤. Women should wear a short-sleeved top that fastens in the front to make it easier to attach the ECG electrodes to the chest.
• If you use an inhaler for asthma or other breathing problems, bring it to the test.
• Based on your medical condition, your healthcare provider may request other specific preparation.

运动心电图会发生什么?

An exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) may be done on an outpatient basis or as part of your hospital stay. Tests may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare providers practice.

一般来说，运动心电图遵循以下过程:

• You will be asked to remove any jewelry or other objects that may interfere with the test.
• You will be asked to open your blouse or shirt in the front (men may be asked to remove their shirts). The technician will ensure your privacy by covering you with a sheet or gown and exposing only the necessary skin.
• 如果你的胸毛很多, 技师可能会剃掉或剪掉一小块头发, 根据需要, 这样电极就会紧贴在你的皮肤上.
• 电极将连接在你的胸部和腹部(腹部).
• 导线将连接到电极上.
• 一旦电线连接上, the technician may enter identifying information about you into the machine's computer.
• 当您坐下时，会在您的手臂上戴上血压袖带. 一个初始, 或基线, ECG and blood pressure readings will be taken while you are sitting down and standing up.
• 你将被指导如何在跑步机上行走或使用自行车.
• You will be told to let your healthcare provider know if you start to have any 胸部疼痛, 头晕, 头晕, 呼吸极度短促, 恶心想吐, 头疼, 腿痛, 或者在运动过程中出现其他症状.
• 你将开始进行最低水平的锻炼. 练习的强度会慢慢增加.
• ECG and blood pressure readings will be taken periodically to measure how well your heart and body are responding to the exercise.
• The length of time you will exercise is based on a target heart rate (determined by the healthcare provider based on your age and physical condition) and your own exercise tolerance. 运动时间是压力测试结果的重要组成部分. 如果你出现严重的症状，测试可能会停止, 比如胸痛, 头晕, 恶心想吐, 呼吸严重短促, 严重的疲劳, 或者血压升高.
• 一旦你完成了测试的练习部分, the rate of exercise will be slowed for a "cool down" to help avoid any 恶心想吐 or cramping from suddenly stopping.
• You will sit in a chair and your ECG and blood pressure will be monitored until they return to normal or near-normal. 这可能需要10到20分钟.
• 只要你的心电图和血压正常, 心电图电极和血压袖带将被取下. 然后你就可以穿衣服了.

运动心电图后会发生什么?

你应该能够恢复正常的饮食和活动, 除非你的医疗保健提供者告诉你不同的情况.

一般来说，运动心电图后不需要特别护理.

考试后你可能会感到几个小时或更长时间的疲劳, 特别是如果你平时不锻炼的话. Otherwise, you should feel normal within a few hours after the exercise ECG. 如果您感到疲劳超过一天，请联系您的医疗保健提供者.

Tell your healthcare provider if you develop any signs or symptoms (such as, 胸部疼痛, 呼吸急促（气促）, 头晕, 或晕倒).

您的医疗保健提供者可能会在测试后给您其他指示, 这取决于你的具体情况.

下一个步骤

在您同意测试或程序之前，请确保您知道:

• 测试或程序的名称
• 你进行测试或程序的原因
• 期待什么样的结果?它们意味着什么
• 测试或程序的风险和益处
• 可能的副作用或并发症是什么
• 你在何时何地进行测试或程序
• Who will do the test or procedure and what that person’s qualifications are
• 如果你不做检查或不做手术会怎么样
• 有没有其他的测试或程序可以考虑
• 你何时以及如何得到结果
• 在测试或程序后，如果您有疑问或问题，可以打电话给谁
• 你需要支付多少检查费用